Heart Transplant- Things you need to know
Topics Related to Surgery
What is a heart transplant?
A
heart transplant replaces the patient's heart with a donor heart. Doctors
remove the patient's heart by transecting the aorta, the main pulmonary
artery and the superior and inferior vena cavae, and dividing the left atrium,
leaving the back wall of the left atrium with the pulmonary vein openings in
place. Sunny Handa Brampton
says - The surgeon connects the donor
heart by sewing together the recipient and donor vena cavae, aorta, pulmonary
artery and left atrium. In patients with congenital heart disease, the surgeon
may simultaneous transplant the lungs and the heart.
Why is it needed?
You
may require a heart transplant for several reasons. Sunny Handa Brampton
says - the most common reason is that one or
both ventricles have aren't functioning properly and severe heart failure is
present. Ventricular failure can happen in many forms of congenital heart
disease, but is more common in congenital defects with a single ventricle or if
long-standing valve obstruction or leakage has led to irreversible heart
failure. Patients who as children had the Fontan procedure, which helps complex
congenital heart defects, may need a heart transplant because the blood flow
through the venous system is slow and the veins are congested, which can lead
to swelling, fluid accumulation, and protein loss.
How does it affect the heart?
The
donor heart is matched to the recipient by blood type and body size. As the
heart transplant recipient, you must take medications to prevent his or her
immune system from rejecting the new heart. Sunny Handa Brampton these
drugs are called immunosuppressive medication. Your medical team will balance
the amount of immunosuppressive medication you need to prevent rejection of
your new heart with the risk of side effects, which include infection or
cancer.
What can I expect if my child is a
heart transplant recipient?
When
a child receives a heart transplant, the transplanted heart grows to adult size
as the patient grows. Your child will need to take immunosuppressive
medications and other medicine for the rest of his or her life to control the sides’
effects of the transplant. Dr sunny handa Brampton
says during young adulthood, your child's
medical care will be transitioned from a pediatric to an adult heart transplant
cardiologist.
What will I need in the future?
After
your heart transplant, your medical team will monitor you closely for heart
rejection, which can happen in the heart muscle cells or in the heart's
arteries. They will also watch for side effects of the immunosuppressive
medications, which include diabetes, infection, kidney disease, cancer or high
blood pressure. Sunny Handa Brampton says that if any of these problems arise, your doctor
will change the medication type or dose. You and you're your doctor may also
decide to change your immunosuppressive medications as new drugs become
available.
Medical Follow-up
You
will require regular checkups after your transplant by a transplant
cardiologist. At these visits, your cardiologist will do blood tests to check
the levels of your immunosuppressive drugs and look for side effects. He or she
may also order electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and Holter monitoring to help
monitor your heart rhythm and function, or an endomyocardial biopsy, which is a
diagnostic procedure that surveys the sufficiency of your immunosuppressive
therapy. Your doctor will evaluate your coronary arteries yearly or every other
year to monitor for signs of narrowed coronary arteries in your transplanted
heart. You should also have routine medical checkups to maintain overall
health.
Activity Restrictions
Dr sunny handa Brampton says Heart transplant recipients have no specific activity restrictions. Discuss activity ideas with your transplant cardiologist.
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